Nope, there is no such calendar processing procedure pre-built in SAP HANA.
Usually the requirements for calendar operation are very specific to the using application. So you might want to develop your own solution for that.
What might help you however are the procedures available from the SERIES data functions (Series Data Functions - SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference - SAP Library). At least the generation of certain date ranges is easier than starting from scratch.